{"id":52919,"date":"2023-02-22T07:23:06","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T15:23:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/blog\/?p=52919"},"modified":"2023-02-22T07:25:44","modified_gmt":"2023-02-22T15:25:44","slug":"testing-the-lord-of-hosts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/blog\/testing-the-lord-of-hosts\/","title":{"rendered":"Testing the Lord of Hosts"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The prophet Malachi charged the post-exilic people of Israel with robbing God by refusing to bring their tithes and contributions into His house. They were keeping for themselves what legally and covenantally belonged to God. In response, the Lord invited the people to test him, to see \u201cif [He] will not open the windows of heaven for you and pour down for you a blessing until there is no more need\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=mal+3%3A10&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mal. 3:10<\/a>). This is an extraordinary and rare request. Let\u2019s look at this invitation to test the Lord with some help from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/store\/product.php?productid=77340\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Anchor Yale Bible Commentary<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#dadada\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/store\/product.php?productid=77340\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Anchor Yale Bible Commentary<\/a> consists of ninety-two volumes on the Old and New Testaments, including the Deuterocanonical books. Check out this <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.olivetree.com\/anchor-yale-bible-commentary\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">blog post<\/a> for a look at this resource in our app.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-divine-testing\"><strong>Divine Testing<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The root <em>b\u1e25n<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=mal+3%3A10&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mal 3:10<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=mal+3%3A15&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">15<\/a>) means to \u201ctest, try, prove\u201d (used specifically of people) and is similar in meaning to the Hebrew <em>\u1e25qr<\/em> \u201cto search,\u201d <em>nsh<\/em> \u201cto test, try,\u201d and <em>\u1e63rp<\/em> \u201cto smelt, refine, test\u201d and almost always has religious connotations (cf. TDOT). The OT\/HB indicates that God may \u201ctest\u201d (<em>nsh<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=gen+22%3A1&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gen 22:1<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=deut+8%3A2&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Deut 8:2<\/a>; <em>b\u1e25n<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=1+chron+29%3A17&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1 Chr 29:17<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=ps+17%3A3&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ps 17:3<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=job+23%3A10&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Job 23:10<\/a>) human beings, but in turn human beings are prohibited from \u201ctesting\u201d God (<em>nsh<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=deut+6%3A16&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Deut 6:16<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, Malachi calls the postexilic Yehud to \u201ctest\u201d (<em>b\u1e25n<\/em>) God (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=mal+3%3A10&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">3:10<\/a>). By means of the divine invitation, the prophet extends to the restoration community the opportunity to \u201cprove\u201d the faithfulness of God in keeping his covenant relationship (and covenant promises) with Israel by demonstrating their own faithfulness in obedience to the covenant stipulations regarding the tithe. Essentially, the Hebrews are summoned to affirm and approve their own faith in God and obedience to his covenant laws by reciprocating Yahweh\u2019s constant behavior in genuine humility and reverent worship with a \u201cclean heart,\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=ps+51%3A10&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pss 51:10<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=ps+139%3A23-24&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">139:23\u201324<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Malachi\u2019s audience in their cynicism turns the table on the prophet by suggesting that the only ones who might \u201cpass\u201d such a test are the arrogant and the wicked, who appear to have flaunted their evil deeds before God and escaped divine judgment (<em>b\u1e25n<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=mal+3%3A15&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">3:15<\/a>). Laetsch decried this as \u201ca blasphemous perversion of God\u2019s challenge.\u201d Those who would sanction this testing of God from the posture of arrogance and covenant disobedience are sternly warned that God fully intends to distinguish the righteous from the wicked (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=mal+3%3A18&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mal 3:18<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Testing in the Hebrew Bible<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Frequently, the MT equates the Israelite testing and provocation of God (issuing from a posture of rebellion and unbelief) with the root <em>nsh<\/em> (e.g., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=ex+17%3A2-7&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Exod 17:2, 7<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=ps+78%3A18&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pss 78:18<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=ps+78%3A41&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">41<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=ps+95%3A9&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">95:9<\/a>), while the divine testing for purposes of judgment, purification, and character formation are usually connected with the root <em>b\u1e25n<\/em> (cf. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=jer+6%3A27&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jer 6:27<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=jer+9%3A7&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">9:7<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=jer+11%3A20&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">11:20<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=jer+12%3A3&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">12:3<\/a>). Interestingly, God perceived the testing at Meribah as a <em>b\u1e25n<\/em> experience, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=ps+81%3A7&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ps 81:7<\/a>, but the testing at Massah is described by the verb <em>nsh<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=deut+6%3A16&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Deut 6:16<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=deut+33%3A8&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">33:8a<\/a>), while the cognate verb <em>ryb<\/em> is applied to the episode at Meribah (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=deut+33%3A8&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Deut 33:8b<\/a>). Clearly there is a complex of factors at work in the selection of the cognate verbs for \u201ctesting\u201d (cf. TDOT).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=isa+48%3A10-11&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Isa 48:10\u201311<\/a> God \u201crefined\u201d (<em>\u1e63rp<\/em>) and \u201ctested\u201d (<em>b\u1e25n<\/em>) Israel for his own sake so that his holy name might not be profaned. However, this divine testing was also therapeutic, in that such an approach prompted (or renewed) faith in God, diagnosing motive and attitude and exposing unbelief and rebellion (cf. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=ps+17%3A3&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pss 17:3<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=ps+26%3A2&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">26:2<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=ps+66%3A10&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">66:10<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=ps+139%3A23&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">139:23<\/a>). The NT claims it is not the healthy who need a doctor, rather the sick (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=matt+9%3A12-13&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Matt 9:12\u201313<\/a>). Through testing God isolates our illness as a first step in the process of our healing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Testing in the Septuagint and New Testament<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The LXX consistently renders the Hebrew <em>nsh<\/em> with a form of the Greek word <em>peir\u00e1zein<\/em> (\u201ctempt, test, try\u201d), while <em>b\u1e25n<\/em> is nearly always translated with some form of <em>dokim\u00e1zien<\/em> (\u201cexamine, prove, test\u201d; but note <em>\u02beet\u00e1zein<\/em> for <em>b\u1e25n<\/em> in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=1+chron+29%3A17&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1 Chr 29:17<\/a>). This suggests that later Judaism discerned some theological distinction between the two terms in studying the question of God\u2019s testing of human beings. In fact, this assumption has its precursor in Ahaz\u2019s refusal to \u201ctest\u201d (<em>peir\u00e1zein<\/em>) God when the prophet Isaiah exhorted the Judean king to \u201cprove\u201d the word of God (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=isa+7%3A12&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Isa 7:12<\/a>). The NT documents represent one completed stage (i.e., an early Jewish Christian perspective) of this developmental theology of divine testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the NT, God does not \u201ctest\u201d (<em>peir\u00e1zein<\/em>) anyone (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=jas+1%3A13&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jas 1:13<\/a>); nor should the faithful \u201ctest\u201d (<em>peir\u00e1zein<\/em>) God (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=1+cor+10%3A9&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1 Cor 10:9<\/a>). Essentially, human beings bring this trial or test upon themselves by yielding to personal desires exploited by the Tempter (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=jas+1%3A14-16&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jas 1:14\u201316<\/a>; cf. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=matt+4%3A3&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Matt 4:3<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=1+cor+5%3A7&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1 Cor 5:7<\/a>). However, God does \u201ctest\u201d the faith and deeds of God\u2019s faithful for the purpose of approving and purifying the faithful (<em>dokim\u00e1zein<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=1+cor+3%3A13&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1 Cor 3:13<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>God in his gracious providence is able to transform a given \u201ctrial\u201d (<em>peir\u00e1zein<\/em>) and its destructive potential for biblical faith into an experience that affirms and approves biblical faith and builds godly character (<em>d\u00f3kimos\/dok\u00edmion<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=jas+1%3A3&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jas 1:3<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=jas+1%3A12&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">12<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=1+pet+1%3A7&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1 Pet 1:7<\/a>; cf. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/bible\/?query=gen+50%3A20&amp;version=ESV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gen 50:20<\/a>, \u201cyou intended evil against me, but God planned it for good\u201d). This NT distinction between testing and provocation intended to disapprove or ruin biblical faith (<em>peir\u00e1zein<\/em>) and testing designed to affirm and approve biblical faith both preserves human freedom and responsibility and at the same time confirms the goodness and sovereignty of God.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Exhaustive Notes and Comments with the Anchor Yale Bible Commentary<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.olivetree.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AnchorYaleBibleCommentaryBookSetSocial-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52921\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AnchorYaleBibleCommentaryBookSetSocial-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AnchorYaleBibleCommentaryBookSetSocial-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AnchorYaleBibleCommentaryBookSetSocial-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AnchorYaleBibleCommentaryBookSetSocial-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This post was an excerpt from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/store\/product.php?productid=77340\">Anchor Yale Bible Commentary<\/a>. This commentary series is an incredibly in-depth and academic series. It is recommended for advanced readers and studiers of the Bible. There is something here for everyone though, so follow the link below to learn more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/www.olivetree.com\/store\/product.php?productid=77340\" style=\"background-color:#77aa3c\">ANCHOR YALE BIBLE COMMENTARY<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The prophet Malachi charged the post-exilic people of Israel with robbing God by refusing to bring their tithes and contributions into His house. They were keeping for themselves what legally and covenantally belonged to God. In response, the Lord invited the people to test him, to see \u201cif [He] will not open the windows of<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":52922,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7849],"tags":[5958],"class_list":{"0":"post-52919","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-commentaries","8":"tag-anchor-yale-bible-commentary"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Testing the Lord of Hosts - Olive Tree Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/staging-blog.olivetree.com\/testing-the-lord-of-hosts\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Testing the Lord of Hosts\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The prophet Malachi charged the post-exilic people of Israel with robbing God by refusing to bring their tithes and contributions into His house. 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